{"id":7763,"date":"2023-01-27T00:12:19","date_gmt":"2023-01-26T21:12:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/?p=7763"},"modified":"2023-01-27T00:12:19","modified_gmt":"2023-01-26T21:12:19","slug":"dunya-hakkinda-bilinmesi-gerekenler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/tr\/bilim\/astronomi-ve-uzay\/gezegen-bilimi\/dunya-hakkinda-bilinmesi-gerekenler\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fcnya Hakk\u0131nda Bilinmesi Gerekenler"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/tr\/bilim\/astronomi-ve-uzay\/gezegen-bilimi\/dunya-hakkinda-bilinmesi-gerekenler\/#Dunyamiz\" title=\"D\u00fcnya&#8217;m\u0131z\">D\u00fcnya&#8217;m\u0131z<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/tr\/bilim\/astronomi-ve-uzay\/gezegen-bilimi\/dunya-hakkinda-bilinmesi-gerekenler\/#Olusumu\" title=\"Olu\u015fumu\">Olu\u015fumu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/tr\/bilim\/astronomi-ve-uzay\/gezegen-bilimi\/dunya-hakkinda-bilinmesi-gerekenler\/#Olusumdan_Sonra\" title=\"Olu\u015fumdan Sonra\">Olu\u015fumdan Sonra<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/tr\/bilim\/astronomi-ve-uzay\/gezegen-bilimi\/dunya-hakkinda-bilinmesi-gerekenler\/#Yasamin_Kokeni_ve_Evrim\" title=\"Ya\u015fam\u0131n K\u00f6keni ve Evrim\">Ya\u015fam\u0131n K\u00f6keni ve Evrim<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/tr\/bilim\/astronomi-ve-uzay\/gezegen-bilimi\/dunya-hakkinda-bilinmesi-gerekenler\/#Dunyanin_Yapisi\" title=\"D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n Yap\u0131s\u0131\">D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n Yap\u0131s\u0131<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/tr\/bilim\/astronomi-ve-uzay\/gezegen-bilimi\/dunya-hakkinda-bilinmesi-gerekenler\/#Boyutu_ve_Sekli\" title=\"Boyutu ve \u015eekli\">Boyutu ve \u015eekli<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/tr\/bilim\/astronomi-ve-uzay\/gezegen-bilimi\/dunya-hakkinda-bilinmesi-gerekenler\/#Yuzey\" title=\"Y\u00fczey\">Y\u00fczey<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/tr\/bilim\/astronomi-ve-uzay\/gezegen-bilimi\/dunya-hakkinda-bilinmesi-gerekenler\/#Kimyasal_Bilesim\" title=\"Kimyasal Bile\u015fim\">Kimyasal Bile\u015fim<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/tr\/bilim\/astronomi-ve-uzay\/gezegen-bilimi\/dunya-hakkinda-bilinmesi-gerekenler\/#Ic_Isi\" title=\"\u0130\u00e7 Is\u0131\">\u0130\u00e7 Is\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/tr\/bilim\/astronomi-ve-uzay\/gezegen-bilimi\/dunya-hakkinda-bilinmesi-gerekenler\/#Yercekimi_Alani\" title=\"Yer\u00e7ekimi Alan\u0131\">Yer\u00e7ekimi Alan\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/tr\/bilim\/astronomi-ve-uzay\/gezegen-bilimi\/dunya-hakkinda-bilinmesi-gerekenler\/#Manyetik_Alan\" title=\"Manyetik Alan\">Manyetik Alan<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-dunya-miz\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dunyamiz\"><\/span>D\u00fcnya&#8217;m\u0131z<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>D\u00fcnya<\/strong>, G\u00fcne\u015f&#8217;ten sonraki \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc gezegendir ve bilinen t\u00fcm ya\u015fama ev sahipli\u011fi yapmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi boyunca b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda su bulunabilmesine ra\u011fmen, sadece D\u00fcnya s\u0131v\u0131 halde y\u00fczey suyuna sahiptir. D\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyinin yakla\u015f\u0131k %70,8&#8217;i okyanuslardan olu\u015fmakta olup, bu oran D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n kutup buzullar\u0131n\u0131, g\u00f6llerini ve nehirlerini g\u00f6lgede b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyinin geri kalan %29,2&#8217;si ise k\u0131ta ve adalardan olu\u015fan karalardan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n y\u00fczey katman\u0131, s\u0131rada\u011flar, volkanlar ve depremler \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in etkile\u015fime giren yava\u015f hareket eden birka\u00e7 tektonik plakadan olu\u015fur. D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n s\u0131v\u0131 d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ekirde\u011fi, D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n manyetosferini \u015fekillendiren manyetik alan\u0131 \u00fcreterek y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/tr\/bilim\/astralopedi\/gunes-nedir\/\" title=\"g\u00fcne\u015f\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">g\u00fcne\u015f<\/a> r\u00fczgarlar\u0131n\u0131 sapt\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n <\/strong>atmosferi \u00e7o\u011funlukla nitrojen ve oksijenden olu\u015fur. Atmosferdeki karbondioksit (CO2) gibi sera gazlar\u0131 G\u00fcne\u015f&#8217;ten gelen enerjinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fczeye yak\u0131n bir yerde hapseder. Su buhar\u0131 atmosferde yayg\u0131n olarak bulunur ve gezegenin \u00e7o\u011funu kaplayan bulutlar\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Tropikal b\u00f6lgeler kutup b\u00f6lgelerine k\u0131yasla daha fazla g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi al\u0131r ve atmosferik ve okyanus sirk\u00fclasyonu taraf\u0131ndan yeniden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. Bir b\u00f6lgenin iklimi sadece enlemle de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda y\u00fckseklik ve \u0131l\u0131man okyanuslara yak\u0131nl\u0131kla da y\u00f6netilir. \u00c7o\u011fu b\u00f6lgede tropikal siklonlar, g\u00f6k g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcl\u00fc f\u0131rt\u0131nalar ve s\u0131cak hava dalgalar\u0131 gibi \u015fiddetli hava olaylar\u0131 meydana gelir ve ya\u015fam\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00fcnya, \u00e7evresi yakla\u015f\u0131k 40.000 km olan bir elipsoittir. <strong><a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/tr\/bilim\/astralopedi\/astralopedi-gunes-sistemi-nedir\/\" title=\"G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi<\/a><\/strong>&#8216;ndeki en yo\u011fun gezegendir. D\u00f6rt kayal\u0131k gezegen aras\u0131nda en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en k\u00fctleli olan\u0131d\u0131r. <strong>D\u00fcnya <\/strong>G\u00fcne\u015f&#8217;ten yakla\u015f\u0131k sekiz \u0131\u015f\u0131k dakikas\u0131 uzakl\u0131ktad\u0131r ve G\u00fcne\u015f&#8217;in etraf\u0131nda bir turunu bir y\u0131lda (yakla\u015f\u0131k 365,25 g\u00fcnde) tamamlar. D\u00fcnya kendi ekseni etraf\u0131nda bir g\u00fcnden biraz daha k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede (yakla\u015f\u0131k 23 saat 56 dakikada) d\u00f6ner. D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f ekseni, G\u00fcne\u015f etraf\u0131ndaki y\u00f6r\u00fcnge d\u00fczlemine g\u00f6re e\u011fiktir ve mevsimleri olu\u015fturur. D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde 380.000 km (1,3 \u0131\u015f\u0131k saniyesi) h\u0131zla d\u00f6nen ve kabaca D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n d\u00f6rtte biri geni\u015fli\u011finde olan tek bir kal\u0131c\u0131 do\u011fal uydu vard\u0131r: Ay. Gelgit kilitlenmesi sayesinde Ay her <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/tr\/bilim\/fizik\/zaman-nedir\/\" title=\"zaman\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">zaman<\/a> D\u00fcnya&#8217;ya ayn\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bakar, bu da gelgitlere neden olur, D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n eksenini dengeler ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc kademeli olarak yava\u015flat\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>D\u00fcnya<\/strong>, <strong>G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi<\/strong>&#8216;ndeki di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok cisim gibi, 4,5 milyar y\u0131l \u00f6nce G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi&#8217;nin erken d\u00f6nemlerindeki gazdan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n tarihinin ilk bir milyar y\u0131l\u0131nda okyanuslar olu\u015ftu ve ard\u0131ndan okyanuslarda <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/tr\/bilim\/biyoloji\/evrim-biyolojisi\/dunyada-yasam-nasil-basladi\/\" title=\"ya\u015fam\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">ya\u015fam<\/a> geli\u015fti. Ya\u015fam k\u00fcresel olarak yay\u0131ld\u0131 ve D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n atmosferini ve y\u00fczeyini etkilemeye ba\u015flayarak iki milyar y\u0131l \u00f6nce B\u00fcy\u00fck Oksidasyon Olay\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. \u0130nsanlar 300.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve bug\u00fcn 8 milyarl\u0131k bir n\u00fcfusa ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Olusumu\"><\/span>Olu\u015fumu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi&#8217;nde bulunan en eski materyal 4.5682 milyar y\u0131l\u0131na tarihlenmektedir.<br>4,54 milyar evvel ilkel <strong>D\u00fcnya <\/strong>olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. <strong>G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi<\/strong>ndeki cisimler G\u00fcne\u015f ile birlikte olu\u015fmu\u015f ve evrimle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Teorik olarak, bir g\u00fcne\u015f bulutsusu yer\u00e7ekimsel \u00e7\u00f6kme ile bir molek\u00fcler buluttan bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc kopar\u0131r, bu da d\u00f6nerek ve d\u00fczle\u015ferek bir y\u0131ld\u0131zlararas\u0131 diske evrilmeye ba\u015flar ve ard\u0131ndan gezegenler G\u00fcne\u015f ile birlikte bu diskin i\u00e7inde meydana gelir. Bir nebula gaz, buz taneleri ve toz i\u00e7erir. Nebula teorisine g\u00f6re, gezegenler y\u0131\u011f\u0131lma yoluyla olu\u015fmu\u015ftur ve ilkel D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n 70 ila 100 milyon y\u0131l aras\u0131nda bir zaman ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ay&#8217;\u0131n ya\u015f\u0131na ili\u015fkin tahminler 4,5 milyar y\u0131l ile daha gen\u00e7 d\u00f6nemler aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. \u00d6nde gelen hipotezlerden biri, D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n k\u00fctlesinin yakla\u015f\u0131k %10&#8217;una sahip <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/tr\/bilim\/soylesi-kosesi\/soylesi-kosesi-mars-hakkinda-bir-sohbet\/\" title=\"Mars\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">Mars<\/a> b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki Theia adl\u0131 bir cismin <strong>D\u00fcnya <\/strong>ile \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan D\u00fcnya&#8217;dan kopan malzemenin birikmesiyle olu\u015ftu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir. Bu cisim iddiaya g\u00f6re D\u00fcnya&#8217;ya hafif bir darbe ile \u00e7arpm\u0131\u015f ve k\u00fctlesinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 D\u00fcnya ile birle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Olusumdan_Sonra\"><\/span>Olu\u015fumdan Sonra<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n atmosferi ve okyanuslar\u0131 volkanik aktivite ve gaz \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Bu kaynaklardan gelen su buhar\u0131 okyanuslarda yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, asteroitlerden, protoplanetlerden ve kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlardan gelen su ve buzla artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Okyanuslar\u0131 doldurmaya yetecek kadar su, olu\u015fumundan beri <strong>D\u00fcnya&#8217;da <\/strong>bulunuyor olabilir. Bu modelde atmosferik sera gazlar\u0131, yeni olu\u015fan G\u00fcne\u015f \u015fu anki parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sadece %70&#8217;ine sahipken okyanuslar\u0131n donmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemi\u015ftir. 3,5 milyar ya\u015f\u0131na gelindi\u011finde D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n manyetik alan\u0131 olu\u015fmu\u015f, bu da atmosferin g\u00fcne\u015f r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131yr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n erimi\u015f d\u0131\u015f katman\u0131 so\u011fuduk\u00e7a, bile\u015fim olarak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck taneli (mafik) oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen ilk kat\u0131 kabu\u011fu olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Bile\u015fimi daha yumu\u015fak olan ilk k\u0131tasal kabuk, bu mafik kabu\u011fun k\u0131smen erimesiyle olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Eoarkean tortul kaya\u00e7lar\u0131nda Hadean ya\u015fl\u0131 mineral zirkon tanelerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, en az\u0131ndan bir miktar felsik kabu\u011fun 4.4 Ga kadar erken bir zamanda, <strong>D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n <\/strong>olu\u015fumundan sadece 140 Ma sonra var oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck hacimli k\u0131tasal kabu\u011fun mevcut bollu\u011funa ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in nas\u0131l evrimle\u015fti\u011fine dair iki ana model vard\u0131r: (1) g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar nispeten istikrarl\u0131 bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme, ki bu k\u00fcresel olarak k\u0131tasal kabu\u011fun radyometrik tarihlendirmesi ile desteklenmektedir ve (2) Archean s\u0131ras\u0131nda k\u0131tasal kabuk hacminde ilk h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme, \u015fu anda var olan k\u0131tasal kabu\u011fun b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r, ki bu zirkonlardaki hafniyum ve tortul kaya\u00e7lardaki neodimyumdan elde edilen izotopik kan\u0131tlarla desteklenmektedir. \u0130ki model ve bunlar\u0131 destekleyen veriler, \u00f6zellikle D\u00fcnya tarihinin ilk a\u015famalar\u0131nda k\u0131tasal kabu\u011fun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ile uzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Yasamin_Kokeni_ve_Evrim\"><\/span>Ya\u015fam\u0131n K\u00f6keni ve Evrim<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kimyasal reaksiyonlar yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rt milyar y\u0131l \u00f6nce kendi kendini kopyalayan ilk molek\u00fcllere yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yar\u0131m milyar y\u0131l sonra, mevcut t\u00fcm ya\u015fam\u0131n son ortak atas\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Fotosentezin evrimi, G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisinin ya\u015fam formlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan do\u011frudan toplanmas\u0131na olanak sa\u011flad\u0131. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan molek\u00fcler oksijen (O2) atmosferde birikti ve ultraviyole g\u00fcne\u015f radyasyonu ile etkile\u015fime girerek \u00fcst atmosferde koruyucu bir ozon tabakas\u0131 (O3) olu\u015fturdu. Daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck h\u00fccrelerin daha b\u00fcy\u00fck h\u00fccreler i\u00e7inde birle\u015fmesi, \u00f6karyot ad\u0131 verilen karma\u015f\u0131k h\u00fccrelerin geli\u015fmesiyle sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Koloniler i\u00e7indeki h\u00fccreler giderek \u00f6zelle\u015ftik\u00e7e ger\u00e7ek \u00e7ok h\u00fccreli organizmalar olu\u015ftu. Zararl\u0131 ultraviyole radyasyonun ozon tabakas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan emilmesinin de yard\u0131m\u0131yla ya\u015fam <strong>D\u00fcnya <\/strong>y\u00fczeyinde kolonile\u015fmi\u015ftir. Ya\u015fam\u0131n en eski fosil kan\u0131tlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Bat\u0131 Avustralya&#8217;da 3,48 milyar y\u0131ll\u0131k kumta\u015f\u0131nda bulunan mikrobiyal mat fosilleri, 3,7 milyar y\u0131ll\u0131k metasedimanter kayalarda bulunan biyojenik grafit yer almaktad\u0131r. Bat\u0131 Gr\u00f6nland&#8217;daki 7 milyar y\u0131ll\u0131k metasedimenter kayalarda ve Bat\u0131 Avustralya&#8217;daki 4,1 milyar y\u0131ll\u0131k kayalarda bulunan biyotik materyal kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. D\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki ya\u015fam\u0131n en eski do\u011frudan kan\u0131t\u0131, mikroorganizma fosillerini g\u00f6steren 3,45 milyar y\u0131ll\u0131k Avustralya kayalar\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neoproterozoik d\u00f6nemde, 1000 ila 539 Ma aras\u0131nda, <strong>D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n <\/strong>b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 buzla kapl\u0131 olabilir. Bu hipotez &#8220;Kartopu D\u00fcnya&#8221; olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve \u00e7ok h\u00fccreli ya\u015fam formlar\u0131n\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131kta \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kambriyen patlamas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce olmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6zellikle ilgi \u00e7ekicidir. Kambriyen patlamas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, 535 Ma, en az be\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck kitlesel yok olu\u015f ve bir\u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yok olu\u015f olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6nerilen mevcut Holosen yok olu\u015f olay\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, en sonuncusu 66 Ma&#8217;da, bir asteroid \u00e7arpmas\u0131n\u0131n ku\u015f olmayan dinozorlar\u0131n ve di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u00fcr\u00fcngenlerin yok olu\u015funu tetikledi\u011fi, ancak b\u00f6cekler, memeliler, kertenkeleler ve ku\u015flar gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck hayvanlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde korudu\u011fu zamand\u0131. Memeli ya\u015fam\u0131 son 66 milyon y\u0131lda \u00e7e\u015fitlenmi\u015f ve birka\u00e7 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce bir Afrika maymunu dik durma yetene\u011fi kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum alet kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir beyin i\u00e7in gereken beslenme ve uyar\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flayan ileti\u015fimi te\u015fvik ederek insanlar\u0131n evrimine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tar\u0131m\u0131n ve ard\u0131ndan medeniyetin geli\u015fmesi, insanlar\u0131n D\u00fcnya ve di\u011fer ya\u015fam formlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131 ve miktar\u0131 \u00fczerinde bug\u00fcne kadar devam eden bir etkiye sahip olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dunyanin_Yapisi\"><\/span>D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n Yap\u0131s\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Boyutu_ve_Sekli\"><\/span>Boyutu ve \u015eekli<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n \u015fekli neredeyse k\u00fcreseldir ve ortalama \u00e7ap\u0131 12,742 kilometredir (7,918 mil); bu da onu <strong>G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi<\/strong>&#8216;nin gezegen boyutundaki cisimleri aras\u0131nda be\u015finci, karasal cisimleri aras\u0131nda ise en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yapmaktad\u0131r. <strong>D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n <\/strong>d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc nedeniyle \u015fekli Ekvator \u00e7evresinde \u015fi\u015fkinle\u015fir ve kutuplarda hafif\u00e7e d\u00fczle\u015fir, bu da ekvatorda kutuplardan 43 kilometre (27 mil) daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7apa neden olur. Bu nedenle D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n \u015fekli daha do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde bas\u0131k sferoid olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n \u015fekli ayr\u0131ca yerel topografik varyasyonlara sahiptir. Mariana \u00c7ukuru (yerel deniz seviyesinin 10.925 metre veya 35.843 fit alt\u0131nda) gibi en b\u00fcy\u00fck varyasyonlar <strong>D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n <\/strong>ortalama yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131zca %0,17 oran\u0131nda k\u0131salt\u0131rken Everest Da\u011f\u0131 (yerel deniz seviyesinin 8.848 metre veya 29.029 fit \u00fcst\u00fcnde) yaln\u0131zca %0,14 oran\u0131nda uzat\u0131r. D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n y\u00fczeyi, ekvator \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131nda D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n k\u00fctle merkezinden en uzaktad\u0131r ve Ekvador&#8217;daki Chimborazo yanarda\u011f\u0131n\u0131n zirvesini (6.384,4 km veya 3.967,1 mil) en uzak nokta yapar. Sert kara topografyas\u0131na paralel olarak Okyanus daha dinamik bir topografya sergiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Yuzey\"><\/span>Y\u00fczey<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n y\u00fczeyi, D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n kat\u0131 veya s\u0131v\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n en \u00fcst katman\u0131d\u0131r ve atmosferiyle ara y\u00fczeydedir. \u0130dealize edilmi\u015f bir sferoid olarak D\u00fcnya yakla\u015f\u0131k 510 milyon km2 y\u00fczey alan\u0131na sahiptir. D\u00fcnya iki yar\u0131m k\u00fcreye ayr\u0131labilir. Genel olarak, <strong>D\u00fcnya <\/strong>enleme g\u00f6re kutupsal Kuzey ve G\u00fcney yar\u0131mk\u00fcrelere ya da boylama g\u00f6re k\u0131tasal Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 yar\u0131mk\u00fcrelere ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Kara ve suyun y\u00fczey da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan D\u00fcnya, okyanus odakl\u0131 su yar\u0131mk\u00fcresi ve kara odakl\u0131 kara yar\u0131mk\u00fcresi olarak ikiye ayr\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131 halde ya da daha az miktarda buz halinde sudan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyinin %70,8&#8217;i veya 361,13 milyon km2&#8217;si birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 okyanustan olu\u015fur, bu da onu D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n k\u00fcresel okyanusu veya <strong>d\u00fcnya <\/strong>okyanusu yapar. Bu da D\u00fcnya&#8217;y\u0131 canl\u0131 hidrosferiyle birlikte bir su d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ya da okyanus d\u00fcnyas\u0131 haline getirmektedir, \u00f6zellikle de okyanusun D\u00fcnya&#8217;y\u0131 tamamen kaplam\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n erken tarihinde\u2026 D\u00fcnya okyanusu genellikle en b\u00fcy\u00fckten en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011fe do\u011fru Pasifik Okyanusu, Atlantik Okyanusu, Hint Okyanusu, G\u00fcney Okyanusu ve Arktik Okyanusu olarak ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Okyanus, okyanus havzalar\u0131n\u0131 doldurur. Okyanus taban\u0131 abisal d\u00fczl\u00fckler, k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131klar\u0131, deniz da\u011flar\u0131, denizalt\u0131 volkanlar\u0131 okyanus hendekleri, denizalt\u0131 kanyonlar\u0131, okyanus platolar\u0131 ve d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kapsayan bir okyanus ortas\u0131 s\u0131rt sisteminden olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n karalar\u0131, <strong>D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n <\/strong>y\u00fczey alan\u0131n\u0131n %29,2&#8217;sini ya da 148,94 milyon km2&#8217;sini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n karas\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n etraf\u0131ndaki bir\u00e7ok adadan olu\u015fur, ancak esas olarak en b\u00fcy\u00fckten en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011fe do\u011fru d\u00f6rt k\u0131tasal kara k\u00fctlesinden olu\u015fur: Afrika-Avrasya, Amerika (kara k\u00fctlesi), Antarktika ve Avustralya (kara k\u00fctlesi). Bu kara k\u00fctleleri daha da par\u00e7alanarak k\u0131talar halinde grupland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Arazi b\u00fcy\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6sterir ve da\u011flar, \u00e7\u00f6ller, ovalar, platolar ve di\u011fer yery\u00fcz\u00fc \u015fekillerinden olu\u015fur. Kara y\u00fczeyinin y\u00fcksekli\u011fi, \u00d6l\u00fc Deniz&#8217;deki -418 m&#8217;lik (-1,371 ft) al\u00e7ak noktadan Everest Da\u011f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n tepesindeki 8,848 m&#8217;lik (29,029 ft) maksimum y\u00fcksekli\u011fe kadar de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Karan\u0131n deniz seviyesinden ortalama y\u00fcksekli\u011fi yakla\u015f\u0131k 797 m&#8217;dir (2,615 ft).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Arazi y\u00fczey suyu, kar, buz, yapay yap\u0131lar veya bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc ile kapl\u0131 olabilir. <strong>D\u00fcnya <\/strong>topraklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcne ev sahipli\u011fi yapar, ancak buz tabakalar\u0131 (%10) ve \u00e7\u00f6ller (%33) \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kaplar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kimyasal_Bilesim\"><\/span>Kimyasal Bile\u015fim<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n <\/strong>k\u00fctlesi yakla\u015f\u0131k 5,97\u00d71024 kg&#8217;d\u0131r (5.970 groston). \u00c7o\u011funlukla demir (%32,1), oksijen (%30,1), silikon (%15,1), magnezyum (%13,9), s\u00fclf\u00fcr (%2,9), nikel (%1,8), kalsiyum (%1,5) ve al\u00fcminyumdan (%1,4) olu\u015fmakta, kalan %1,2&#8217;lik k\u0131s\u0131m ise eser miktarda di\u011fer elementlerden meydana gelmektedir. K\u00fctle ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 nedeniyle, \u00e7ekirdek b\u00f6lgenin esas olarak demirden (%88,8), daha az miktarda nikelden (%5,8), k\u00fck\u00fcrtten (%4,5) ve %1&#8217;den az eser elementten olu\u015ftu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ic_Isi\"><\/span>\u0130\u00e7 Is\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00fcnya&#8217;daki ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u0131s\u0131 \u00fcreten izotoplar potasyum-40, uranyum-238 ve toryum-232&#8217;dir. Merkezde s\u0131cakl\u0131k 6.000 \u00b0C&#8217;ye (10.830 \u00b0F) kadar \u00e7\u0131kabilir ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 360 GPa&#8217;ya (52 milyon psi) ula\u015fabilir. Is\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 radyoaktif bozunma ile sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, bilim insanlar\u0131 <strong>D\u00fcnya <\/strong>tarihinin erken d\u00f6nemlerinde, k\u0131sa yar\u0131 \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc izotoplar t\u00fckenmeden \u00f6nce, D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n \u0131s\u0131 \u00fcretiminin \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu varsaymaktad\u0131r. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 Gyr&#8217;de, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n iki kat\u0131 \u00fcretilmi\u015f, manto konveksiyonu ve levha tektoni\u011fi oranlar\u0131 artm\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde nadiren olu\u015fan komatiitler gibi nadir magmatik kaya\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00fcretimine izin verilmi\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Yercekimi_Alani\"><\/span>Yer\u00e7ekimi Alan\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n yer\u00e7ekimi, <strong>D\u00fcnya <\/strong>i\u00e7indeki k\u00fctle da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 nedeniyle nesnelere verilen ivmedir. D\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyine yak\u0131n yerlerde yer\u00e7ekimi ivmesi yakla\u015f\u0131k 9,8 m\/s2 (32 ft\/s2)&#8217;dir. Topografya, jeoloji ve daha derin tektonik yap\u0131daki yerel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar, yer\u00e7ekimi anomalileri olarak bilinen, D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n yer\u00e7ekimi alan\u0131nda yerel ve geni\u015f b\u00f6lgesel farkl\u0131l\u0131klara neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Manyetik_Alan\"><\/span>Manyetik Alan<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n manyetik alan\u0131n\u0131n ana k\u0131sm\u0131, termal ve bile\u015fimsel olarak tahrik edilen konveksiyonun kinetik enerjisini elektrik ve manyetik alan enerjisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren bir dinamo s\u00fcrecinin yeri olan \u00e7ekirdekte \u00fcretilir. Alan \u00e7ekirdekten d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya do\u011fru, manto boyunca ve yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak bir kutup oldu\u011fu <strong>D\u00fcnya <\/strong>y\u00fczeyine kadar uzan\u0131r. Dipol\u00fcn kutuplar\u0131 D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n co\u011frafi kutuplar\u0131na yak\u0131n konumdad\u0131r. Manyetik alan\u0131n ekvatorunda, y\u00fczeydeki manyetik alan g\u00fcc\u00fc 3.05\u00d710-5 T&#8217;dir ve 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda manyetik dipol momenti 7.79\u00d71022 Am2&#8217;dir ve her y\u00fczy\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k %6 azalmaktad\u0131r (yine de uzun zaman ortalamas\u0131ndan daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kalmaktad\u0131r). \u00c7ekirdekteki konveksiyon hareketleri kaotiktir; manyetik kutuplar s\u00fcr\u00fcklenir ve periyodik olarak hizalar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Bu da ana alan\u0131n sek\u00fcler de\u011fi\u015fimine ve her milyon y\u0131lda ortalama birka\u00e7 kez d\u00fczensiz aral\u0131klarla alan de\u011fi\u015fimlerine neden olmaktad\u0131r. En son tersine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yakla\u015f\u0131k 700.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce meydana gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n uzaydaki manyetik alan\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131 manyetosferi tan\u0131mlar. G\u00fcne\u015f r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131n\u0131n iyonlar\u0131 ve elektronlar\u0131 manyetosfer taraf\u0131ndan sapt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r; g\u00fcne\u015f r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131 manyetosferin g\u00fcnd\u00fcz taraf\u0131n\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 <strong>D\u00fcnya <\/strong>yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131na kadar s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve gece taraf\u0131 manyetosferini uzun bir kuyruk halinde uzat\u0131r.[151] G\u00fcne\u015f r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131, dalgalar\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015f r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131 boyunca yay\u0131lma h\u0131z\u0131ndan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, g\u00fcne\u015f r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131 i\u00e7indeki g\u00fcnd\u00fcz taraf\u0131 manyetosferinden \u00f6nce s\u00fcpersonik bir yay \u015foku gelir. Y\u00fckl\u00fc par\u00e7ac\u0131klar manyetosfer i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131r; plazmasfer, D\u00fcnya d\u00f6nerken esasen manyetik alan \u00e7izgilerini takip eden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck enerjili par\u00e7ac\u0131klar taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Halka ak\u0131m\u0131, jeomanyetik alana g\u00f6re s\u00fcr\u00fcklenen, ancak yine de manyetik alan\u0131n hakim oldu\u011fu yollara sahip orta enerjili par\u00e7ac\u0131klar taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131mlan\u0131r, ve Van Allen radyasyon ku\u015faklar\u0131, hareketi esasen rastgele olan, ancak manyetosfer i\u00e7inde bulunan y\u00fcksek enerjili par\u00e7ac\u0131klar taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Manyetik f\u0131rt\u0131nalar ve alt f\u0131rt\u0131nalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda, y\u00fckl\u00fc par\u00e7ac\u0131klar d\u0131\u015f manyetosferden ve \u00f6zellikle manyetotailden sapt\u0131r\u0131labilir, alan \u00e7izgileri boyunca <strong>D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n <\/strong>iyonosferine y\u00f6nlendirilebilir, burada atmosferik atomlar uyar\u0131labilir ve iyonize edilerek auroraya neden olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kaynak: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Earth\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Earth<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D\u00fcnya&#8217;m\u0131z D\u00fcnya, G\u00fcne\u015f&#8217;ten sonraki \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc gezegendir ve bilinen t\u00fcm ya\u015fama ev sahipli\u011fi yapmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi boyunca b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda su bulunabilmesine ra\u011fmen, sadece D\u00fcnya s\u0131v\u0131 halde y\u00fczey suyuna sahiptir. D\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyinin yakla\u015f\u0131k %70,8&#8217;i okyanuslardan olu\u015fmakta olup, bu oran D\u00fcnya&#8217;n\u0131n kutup buzullar\u0131n\u0131, g\u00f6llerini ve nehirlerini g\u00f6lgede b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyinin geri kalan %29,2&#8217;si ise k\u0131ta ve adalardan olu\u015fan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7764,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[12,111],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/astrafizik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/shutterstock-1558058690-1.webp?fit=900%2C579&ssl=1","amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7763"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7763"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7763\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7764"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7763"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7763"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astrafizik.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7763"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}